Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors and cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. They play a vital role in osteogenesis (bone formation), chondrogenesis (cartilage formation), and neurogenesis (nerve tissue growth). Among them, BMP-2 and BMP-7 are the most clinic

  Biologics are large, complex molecules derived from living cells through advanced biotechnological processes. They include monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, recombinant proteins, and gene or cell-based therapies that offer targeted and personalized treatment approaches for chronic and complex diseases. Biosimilars, on the other hand, ar

  Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a groundbreaking class of biopharmaceutical drugs that combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cell-killing activity of cytotoxic drugs. These precision medicines are designed to selectively deliver chemotherapy agents to cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. ADCs

 Synthetic bioinks are next-generation biomaterials designed to replicate the extracellular matrix (ECM) — the natural environment surrounding cells. These bioinks provide both structural and biochemical support essential for 3D bioprinting applications. Composed primarily of synthetic polymers, hydrogels, and hybrid materials, synthetic

Nucleic acid medicine represents a breakthrough in modern therapeutic development, utilizing DNA, RNA, and related analogs to precisely regulate genetic expression. Unlike traditional small molecule drugs that interact with proteins, nucleic acid therapeutics directly target the root cause of diseases at the genetic level. This includes cut